![]() Reduced number of hypocretin neurons in human narcolepsy. Thannickal TC, Moore RY, Nienhuis R, et al. Narcolepsy: a key role for hypocretins (orexins). Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency in human narcolepsy. Health-related quality of life in Italian patients with narcolepsy: the SF-36 health survey. Vignatelli L, D’Alessandro R, Mosconi P, et al. In: Guilleminault C, Dement WC, Passouant P, editors. Stability of cataplexy over several months: information for the design of therapeutic trials. Gelb M, Guilleminault C, Kramer H, et al. J Fam Pract 1993 36: 207–13īroughton WA, Broughton RJ. Neurol Clin 1996 14: 545–71Ĭhaudhary BA, Hussain I. Sleep Med 2004 5: 37–41īassetti C, Aldrich MS. Factors associated with a delay in the diagnosis of narcolepsy. Genetic and familial aspects of narcolepsy. Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Olmstead County, Minnesota 1985–2000. Mayr WT, Pittock SJ, McClelland RL, et al. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2005 17: 45–50 Characterizing the emotions that trigger cataplexy. ![]() Prevalence of narcolepsy symptomatology and diagnosis in the European general population. Excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep disturbances in patients with neurological diseases: epidemiology and management. Current concepts in the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of narcolepsy. Narcolepsy: clinical features, new pathological insights, and future perspectives. The recent availability of sodium oxybate (the first drug to receive regulatory approval for the treatment of cataplexy) represents a significant advance in the treatment of narcolepsy, as it is highly efficacious for the treatment of cataplexy and shows promise for the treatment of excessive sleepiness and for improving sleep quality in patients with narcolepsy. ![]() TCAs were found to be beneficial for the treatment of cataplexy over 40 years ago and, more recently, the SSRIs have been used to treat the condition. The onset of narcolepsy typically occurs in early adulthood and may consist of a variety of symptoms however, cataplexy (an abrupt, bilateral loss of skeletal muscle tone) is most specific to narcolepsy. It is now known that narcolepsy is caused by the loss of a relatively few neurons that are responsible for producing the neuropeptide hypocretin in the CNS. Mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score averaged 17.5 (<10 is considered normal) the mean weekly cataplexy rate was 14.4 episodes.Although narcolepsy was first described over 100 years ago, most of what is known about the pathological changes in the CNS that are responsible for this unusual disease has been learned during the past few years. Characteristics were typical for the condition, with an average sleep latency on the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, which measures ability to stay awake under sleep-inducing conditions in the daytime, of just 5.8 minutes on average, whereas normal for a healthy person is considered 20 to 30 minutes or more. The trial randomized 73 patients (mean age 31, 58% women) with confirmed narcolepsy type 1 by clinical criteria to get twice-daily oral TAK-994 at 30 mg, 90 mg, or 180 mg, or placebo. "This degree of incomplete data is a potential source of bias that might slightly overestimate what is otherwise a truly remarkable effect." While von Hehn's group analyzed data for all the patients treated with at least one dose with the use of linear mixed models, the editorialists pointed out that these models were run on only 56% complete data (41 patients with primary endpoint data). Two randomized controlled trials are underway with another OX2R agonist, TAK-861, for the treatment of narcolepsy type 1 and type 2. ![]()
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